Technical Writing

PENGUMUMAN

BERHUBUNG SEMUA SUDAH PADA JALUR PENULISAN YANG BENAR, MAKA HARAP SEMUA MENYESAIKAN JURNALNYA DAN DIKUMPULKAN KE UPT PUSAT BAHASA SEBELUM TANGGAL 23/12/2006.

posted by Jati @ 2:42 PM 2 comments

Information Technology Implementation in the Field of Hotel Services

Information technology has developed its own momentum in recent centuries. It has been implemented in many aspects of our lives. Since IT mainly processes data into information, it is required in sectors which work with a large number of information exchanges, such as in hotel management. In order to increase hotel services standard and comfort to gain customer satisfaction, appropriate information technology is needed. Information technology disciplines which are commonly implemented in hotel management are information system and database processing system. Another usage of information technology in hotel management is web programming. Using the website, customer can easily make online reservation and do the payment by e-banking.

Methods

This review focuses on information technology implementation in the field of hotel services. Some methods will be implemented to get enough reliable sources about this topic. Search engine will be used to retrieve information and news about hotel services from the internet. Interview with some practitioners in hotel business will be used to draw representative samples of information technology implementation in hotels nowadays and to know how it is supposed to increase the value of hotel services, while surveying some hotel service customers will be used to collect data about the connection between information technology implementation in hotel management and customer satisfaction. To see thoroughly the implementation of information technology in hotels, open observation in some hotels and some schools of hotel management will be used. Each research method has strengths and weaknesses; thereby the combination of feasible methods listed above is expected to provide better insight into development.

Recent Advances

1. Information technology and industrial management are inseparable nowadays.
2. The increment of application software designed to ease the customer in accessing hotel service and to simplify the task of hotel service provider.
3. The increment of data base management and information retrieving software designed to make the management of daily, monthly, even yearly transaction and customer account data in a hotel better.
4. The usage of robotics and artificial intelligence where requirements of speed, precision, consistency, or cleanliness in hotel services exceed what human can accomplish and at the same time adaptability of humans is still considered.

Points that will be Elaborated in this Paper

1. Implementation of information technology in hotel management nowadays.
2. Implementation of information technology in hotel services for customer satisfaction.
3. The real connection between improvement in hotel services and the implementation of information technology in hotel management.
4. Advantages and disadvantages of information technology implementation in hotel management.

Implementation if Information Technology in hotel management nowadays

Implementation of information technology in hotel management includes web programming, information system, and database processing system. Website developed using the latest strategies for effective performance, ease of navigation, and traffic generation is a good tool for promotion and online booking engine. The booking engine includes full room descriptions, explanations of offerings, adjustable minimum and maximum night stays, alternate availability, and inventory management capabilities. It is easier for the customers to make an online reservation and do the payment by e-banking.

Information system is used to manage information interchange to and from hotel divisions. It passes information only the one needed by a certain division. Information system also works inside a division, such as inventory management system in food and beverage division, administration system in administration hotel division, and room arrangement system in room division. Information system includes developing software with proper information flow which influences the work of a system. A good software passes information efficiently and prevent error occurred in information processing.

Database management system is used to process and manage division data, food and beverage inventories data, transaction data, room arrangement data, employee data, bookkeeping and accounting data, etc. Database management system is very useful for making data management easier to do, especially in big hotels where large number of data is continuously updated to keep the database of high quality. Not all databases are accessible for every employee. Only hotel owner and high level employee such as general manager and division manager have the privilege to access certain database such as division data, bookkeeping and accounting data. Other employees can only access database which they needed, for example, hotel administration division employees can access and update transaction data and employee data but they cannot access nor update food and beverage inventories data, restaurant staffs can access and update food and beverage inventory data and employee data but they cannot access nor update transaction data and room arrangement data, room division employees can access and update room arrangement data and employee data but they cannot access nor update transaction data and food and beverage inventories data, etc.

Author

1. Shanny Avelina Halim (13504027)
2. Tania Krisanty (13504101)

posted by Tania Krisanty @ 3:23 PM 0 comments

GSM vs CDMA

Global Competition between GSM and CDMA in Providing The Best Service to The Publics in Indonesia

It's probably the understatement of the decade to say that cell phones have become the single greatest tool in business. In today’s world the ability to communicate with business associates while on the go is not just an advantage, it’s a necessity. And because of that, the choices people make when choosing their handheld devices matter more than ever.

When it comes time to select a cell phone or smart phone, the major part of the evaluation people make focuses on the features and benefits of the handset. People may choose a device with the best features but in other way they spend money as few as possible. A device with features such as access to the Internet and email, an organizer that will sync with Outlook will be selected. This features can take the owner scheduler, contacts, and information on the road. And most importantly, the body and size of the phone cell, the slick one is better.

But if people conduct a lot of their business on the road or internationally, the most important decision they make regarding their service may not have anything at all to do with the features they usually consider important for handhelds. They choice of carrier and the technology it uses for its network might make the difference between being productive or ending up out of area.

By now, people have probably heard all of the acronyms in the alphabet soup of carrier technologies. The two major terms that pertain to cellular phone communication that people are likely to run into GSM and CDMA, the two major technologies service providers use to carry voice signals across the network. But what are they and why do they matter? There are our focuses now, so in this paper we will reveal some things in other to make clear the problem about this case, such as:

1. Here are two major methods for wireless communication. They are CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) and GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications). Those two methods, which have different protocol and standards, have different process for providing wireless communication. How those two methods exactly work?
2. Those different processes explained above, will lead to the difference of their advantages. Futhermore, current-marketing-scope of those two methods will differ their advantages too. What are advantages and disadvantages of those two methods?
3. Those two methods have the same business action. Futhermore, those methods may exploit the same network coverage too. Hence, how far exactly those two methods interferes each other?

GSM Overview

GSM, The Global System for Mobile Communications, which is the original acronym Groupe Spécial Mobile. This service as standard for mobile phones has been used by over 12 million people across more than 212 countries and territories. GSM is a cellular network, which means that mobile phones connect to it by searching for cells in the immediate vicinity. GSM networks operate in four different frequency ranges. Most GSM networks operate in the 900 MHz or 1800 MHz bands. Some countries use the 850 MHz and 1900 MHz bands because the 900 and 1800 MHz frequency bands were already allocated.

In the 900 MHz band the uplink frequency band is 890-915 MHz, and the downlink frequency band is 935-960 MHz. This 25 MHz bandwidth is subdivided into 124 carrier frequency channels, each spaced 200 kHz apart. Time division multiplexing is used to allow eight full-rate or sixteen half-rate speech channels per radio frequency channel. There are eight radio timeslots (giving eight burst periods) grouped into what is called a TDMA frame. Half rate channels use alternate frames in the same timeslot. The channel data rate is 270.833 kbit/s, and the frame duration is 4.615 ms. The transmission power in the handset is limited to a maximum of 2 watts in GSM850/900 and 1 watt in GSM1800/1900.

GSM has used a variety of voice codecs to squeeze 3.1kHz audio into between 6 and 13kbps. Originally, two codecs, named after the types of data channel they were allocated, were used, called "Full Rate" (13kbps) and "Half Rate" (6kbps). These used a system based upon linear predictive coding (LPC). In addition to being efficient with bitrates, these codecs also made it easier to identify more important parts of the audio, allowing the air interface layer to prioritize and better protect these parts of the signal.

GSM Signal Transferring Process

The network behind the GSM system seen by the customer is large and complicated in order to provide all of the services which are required. But actually, it is divided into a number of sections such as.

1. The Base Station Subsystem (the base stations and their controllers).
2. The Network and Switching Subsystem (the part of the network most similar to a fixed network). This is sometimes also just called the core network.
3. The GPRS Core Network (the optional part which allows packet based Internet connections).
4. All of the elements in the system combine to produce many GSM services such as voice calls and SMS.
   

The process can be described that the phone signal from PSTN (Public Service Telecommunication Network) come into MSC (mobile services switching center) and VLR (visitor location register). The MSC performs the telephony switching functions of the system. It controls calls to and from other telephone and data systems. It also performs such functions as toll ticketing, network interfacing, common channel signaling, and others. The VLR is a database that contains temporary information about subscribers that is needed by the MSC in order to service visiting subscribers. The VLR is always integrated with the MSC. When a mobile station roams into a new MSC area, the VLR connected to that MSC will request data about the mobile station from the HLR. Later, if the mobile station makes a call, the VLR will have the information needed for call setup without having to interrogate the HLR each time.

After that there are HLR (home location register), AUC (authentication center) and EIR (equipment identity register) which give additional process to the signal. The HLR is a database used for storage and management of subscriptions. The HLR is considered the most important database, as it stores permanent data about subscribers, including a subscriber's service profile, location information, and activity status. When an individual buys a subscription from one of the PCS operators, he or she is registered in the HLR of that operator. A unit called the AUC provides authentication and encryption parameters that verify the user's identity and ensure the confidentiality of each call. The AUC protects network operators from different types of fraud found in today's cellular world. The EIR is a database that contains information about the identity of mobile equipment that prevents calls from stolen, unauthorized, or defective mobile stations. The AUC and EIR are implemented as stand-alone nodes or as a combined AUC/EIR node. The output is joined into SS7 Network (Switching System 7 Network), from here the signal will be sent to the SGSN receiver. All that part of process is done in the Switching System mode.

In other way different from PSTN group, the signal from mobile phone is received firstly by BTS (Base Transceiver Stations) which as function is to handles the radio interface to the mobile station. The BTS is the radio equipment (transceivers and antennas) needed to service each cell in the network. A group of BTSs are controlled by a BSC. And then the signal is continued into BSC (Base Station Controllers). The signal from here is sent to the MSC and VLR and then has the same treatment as the PSTN signal. But there are PCU that BSC is associated with to make signal can pass the switching system process, and the signal will directly come onto GPRS core Network and received by SGSN (System GPRS Service Node). After that, signal will be sent to the server in order to process client’s request. Knowing the clients needs, the server will connect it to phone number destination with reversed process, so the call will be made.

Reference:

http://www.gsmworld.com , accessed at December 4^th, 2006

http://www.protocols.com/pbook/, accessed at December 4^th, 2006

Authors :

Made Harta Dwijaksara (13504137)

Hadi Saloko (13504157)

posted by made harta @ 9:12 AM 2 comments

Journal-3rd revision

Interaction Design – a New Perspective in Making a System

There are many interactive products in everyday use. For example, cell phone , computer , personal organizer, remote control, soft drink machine, coffee machine, ATM , ticket machine, library information system, the web , photocopier, watch, printer, stereo , calculator, video game, etc and the list is endless. Viewing from the usability side, not all of them are actually easy, effortless, and enjoyable to use. These conditions happen because when making those things, the product-maker did not concern about the human factor and its interaction with the system. Therefore, interaction design developed. Furthermore, interaction design improves the usability and experience of the object or system, by first researching and understanding user's goals, expectations, behaviors, and needs and then deliberately design to meet and exceed these needs and desires for designated user groups.

There is a formal definition about interaction design. In essence, interaction design is a designing interactive product to support people in their everyday and working lives. Another reference says that Interaction Design means the branch of user experience design that illuminates the relationship between people and the interactive products they use. This entails creating user experiences that enhances and extend the way of people work, communicate, and interact. The practice of interaction design is grounded in an understanding of real users—their goals, tasks, experiences, needs, and wants. Now that it is widely accepted, that Human Computer Interaction (HCI) has moved beyond designing computer system for one user sitting in front of one machine to embrace new paradigms. Interaction design has covered a wider range of issues; include ubiquitous computing and pervasive computing that make use of wireless of collaborative technologies.

To know more about interaction design, there are several things that will be explained in this paper, which are:

• Understanding and conceptualizing interaction
• Understanding how interfaces affect user
• User-centered approaches to interaction design
• The process of interaction design
  

Understanding and Conceptualizing Interaction

When making a new system or product, it is important to realize that having a clear understanding of what kind of product that will be designed, why designing the product and how to design the product, before writing any code, can save much time and effort later on in design process.

In the process of creating an interactive product, it starts with working out how to design the physical interface and what interaction style to use. A problem with trying to solve a design problem beginning at this level is that critical usability goals and user needs can be easily overlooked. For example, consider the problem of making a system for better navigation and traffic information in a car. In the context of driving, it could be very helpful for the driver in displaying information about what to do at certain points during their journey and to find out where they are going. In fact, images of places and directions to follow could be projected inside the car, on the dashboard or rear-view mirror. However, it is unsafe. Because, it could easily distract drivers, luring them to switch their attention from the road to the images were being projected.

While it is certainly necessary at some point to decide on the design of physical aspects, it is better to make these kinds of decisions after understanding the nature of the problem space by conceptualizing what to create, why creating it and how the design will support people in their everyday and working lives. Clarifying the usability and user experience goals is a central part of working out the problem space. This process involves making explicit the implicit-assumptions and claims. Assumptions that are found to be vague can highlight design ideas that need to be better formulated. This process can also help to determine relevant user needs for given activity, which is involves identifying human activities and interactivities that are problematic and working out how they might be improves through being supported with a different from of interaction. These following questions provide a useful framework to thinking through the problem space:

• Are there problems with an existing product?
• Why do you think there are problems?
• Why do you think your proposed ideas might be useful?
• How would you see people using it with their current way of doing things?
• How will it support people in their activities?
• Will it really help them?

Having a good understanding of the problem space can help inform the design space just likes what kind of interface, behaviour, functionality to provide. But before deciding upon these, it is important to develop a conceptual model, since it is a fundamental aspect of interaction design. A conceptual model is a description of the proposed system in terms of a set of integrated ideas and concepts about what it should do, behave and look like, that will be understandable by the users in the manner intended. To develop a conceptual model involves imagining the proposed product, based on the user’s needs and other requirements identified. To ensure that it is designed to be understandable in the manner intended requires doing iterative testing of the product as it is developed. A key aspect of this design process is initially to answer these following questions:

• What will the users are doing when carrying out their tasks?
• How will the system support these?
• What kind of interface metaphor, if any, will be appropriate?
• What kinds of interaction modes and styles to use?

It is important to keep in mind when making design decisions, think how the user will understand the underlying conceptual model.

There are various kinds of conceptual models that are categorized according to the activity or object they based on. Conceptual models based on activities that user will do, which is consist of the following things:

• Giving instructions means issuing commands using keyboard and function keys and selecting options via menus
• Conversing means interacting with the system as if having a conversation
• Manipulating and navigating means acting on objects and interacting with virtual objects
• Exploring and browsing means finding out and learning things

Conceptual models based on objects usually based on an analogy with something in the physical world. An example of highly successful conceptual model based on an object is the spreadsheet, which is looked likes and based on the ledger sheet.

The next step is creating the prototypes of conceptual models. There are several issues will need to be addressed when developing and testing initial prototypes of conceptual models, which are:

• How about the way information to be presented and interacted with at the interface?
• What combinations of media to use?
• What kind of feedback that will be provided?
• What combinations of input and output devices to use?
• What kinds of help to provide and in what format?

References

• Preece,Jennifer. “Interaction Design – Beyond Human Computer Interaction”. 2002. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interaction_design
• http://www.boxesandarrows.com
• http://www.chesco.com/~cmarion/PCD/WhatIsInteractionDesign.html
• http://www.ixda.org/en
• http://www.i-d.co.uk

Authors
Dian Syahfitra 13504021
Gahayu Handari E 13504031

posted by Gahayu Handari @ 2:28 PM 0 comments

Journal - third revision

Artificial Intelligence Robots:

Let you explores the impossible and investigates the unimagined

The recent state of intelligence robotic technology has surpassed science-fiction imagination in many respects, moving beyond mechanical machines to human-like agents. Today’s robots can operate not only in autonomous but intelligent ways. For instance, they can be found collecting samples above the surface of Mars or the bottom of the deepest ocean. Robots can also be found on the battlefields of war and tracking of terrorism. Artificial intelligence robotic devices are also among the first search equipment sent to catastrophe. A series of bots might search the field, while smaller one might crawl through the ruins looking for victims.

As seen, tough from time to time, the A.I. research community has achieved an incremental progress, these last few years they indeed has achieved a significant advances leading to robots with new abilities. So, this paper will focus on this astonishing progress in three emerging areas of artificial intelligence research, i.e. humanoid that interacts with people, interactive simulation robot, and shape-adaptive robot which suits to environment.

posted by morenvino @ 5:10 PM 0 comments

Announcement

Dear All,
There won't be any class on the 12/12/2006. Please post your work in this blog for inputs, I might have problem in opening my email since I will be in a remote part of Indonesia.
Regards
Jati

posted by Jati @ 11:06 AM 0 comments

input for Made

Global Competition between GSM and CDMA in Providing The Best Service to The Publics in Indonesia

It's probably the understatement of the decade to say that cell phones have become the single greatest tool in business. In today’s world the ability to communicate with business associates while on the go is not just an advantage, it’s a necessity. And because of that, the choices we make when choosing our handheld devices matter more than ever. (very good)

When it comes time to select a cell phone or smart phone, the major part of the evaluation we make focuses on the features and benefits of the handset. Does it provide access to the Internet and email? Does it contain an organizer that will sync with Outlook, so you can take your scheduler, contacts, and information on the road? And most importantly, does it look slick? (better if you write the idea in sentences not in the form of questions)

But if our conduct a lot of ours business on the road or internationally, the most important decision we make regarding ours service may not have anything at all to do with the features we usually consider important for handhelds. We choice of carrier and the technology it uses for its network might make the difference between being productive or ending up out of area. (avoid using ‘we’, as we discussed in class)

By now, we’ve probably heard all of the acronyms in the alphabet soup of carrier technologies. The two major terms that pertain to cellular phone communication that we’re likely to run into are GSM and CDMA, the two major technologies service providers use to carry voice signals across the network. But what are they and why do they matter? There are our focuses now, so in this paper we will reveal some things in other to make clear the problem about this case, such as: (avoid using ‘we’, as we discussed in class)

1. Here are two major methods for wireless communication. They are CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) and GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications). Those two methods, which have different protocol and standards, have different process for providing wireless communication. How those two methods exactly work?
2. Those different processes explained above, will lead to the difference of their advantages. Futhermore, current-marketing-scope of those two methods will differ their advantages too. What are advantages and disadvantages of those two methods?
3. Those two methods have the same business action. Futhermore, those methods may exploit the same network coverage too. Hence, how far exactly those two methods interfere each other?
4. Is there any method that can exploit the advantages from those two methods? If any, is the alternative method will increase the interferences (especially the negative ones) between those methods?
5. In Indonesia as a local scope, both of them have been implemented far enough. Which of them is dominantly used? At the future, which of them will be expanded further? If there is any alternative method, can it be implemented? How about the global scope?

posted by Jati @ 11:06 AM 0 comments

Ajax: Solution for Developing More Responsive Web Application

Note: Your writing is good in term of organization and grammar. The problems; who are your readers? I am afraid that this article will be boring and has no character. In other words, “why do you write this?”

Even when the web has evolved to as advanced as now, developers still have to face so many limitations when building web application. It seems impossible to build a web application without characteristics like having to reload web page after every change made, less interactivity, and that static feel of the page. To overcome the problem, new technology and techniques have been developed. One of the techniques that has become popular is Ajax.

Ajax stands for Asynchronous JavaScript and XML. What it mainly does is transferring data by making asynchronous calls to the server from which it was loaded. The data may then be used to update or modify the information on the HTML page presented to user. Each update is small and does not require the browser to reload the page, therefore making the page more interactive and responsive to user action.

Ajax has been used in many web applications that require high interactivity and fast response. One small example is Google Suggest. In Google suggest, when user type a few letters the program will list a number of matching or nearly matching phrases, as well as the number of results found. The suggestion comes in no time, there is almost no loading and there is no page-refreshing at all.

In this paper we will explain more about Ajax, like:

-What Ajax really is

-Implementations of Ajax

-The strength and weakness of using Ajax

-Ajax and new era of web-based application

--
Mohammad Satrio U 13504134
Tri Aji Nugroho 13504141

posted by Mohammad Satrio @ 10:46 AM 0 comments

Mobile Banking : A Bank Witihin Your Fingertips

Note from Jati

Mobile Banking : A Bank Witihin Your Fingertips

Over the past few years, mobile and wireless market has been one of the fastest growing markets in the world, especially in Asian countries such as China, Indonesia, India, and Philippines where the mobile infrastructure is better than the fixed-line infrastructure. Therefore, the growth of Mobile technology is affected as well. Mobile technology offers many ease and effectiveness use of time, since people can fully utilize the data capabilities of their mobile phones. One of the most popular technologies available for mobile phones is Mobile Banking. [very good points]

Mobile banking (M-Banking) is one of the mobile financial services that are offered as a part of mobile commerce. Mobile Banking refers to provision and availment [ Do you mean the availability … ?]of banking and financial services with the help of mobile telecommunication devices. The scope of offered services may include facilities to conduct bank and stock market transactions, to administer accounts and to access customized information. In other words, Mobile Banking is a service to access bank accounts or other financial services, built for mobile devices.

Mobile Banking allows people to access their bank accounts in seconds just by a few presses on your mobile phones, but you have to be registered to the appropriate website first in order to use the service. For instance, in order to use BCA M-banking on your mobile phone, you have to register for your account and mobile phone number on www.klikbca.com. Once you’re done with [note; avoid using pronouns “YOU”, please rewrite these sentences] the registration, the service will usually be activated within a day or so. Some of the services available are balance check, telegraphic transfer, electronic payment, and currency rate. It's simply a bank everywhere.

Several points that will be revealed later:
- Mobile banking as a mobile commerce breakthrough
- History of mobile banking
- How mobile banking works
- Opportunities in mobile banking
- Challenges in mobile banking

Good writing. Please continue

Over the past few years, mobile and wireless market has been one of the fastest growing markets in the world, especially in Asian countries such as China, Indonesia, India, and Philippines where the mobile infrastructure is better than the fixed-line infrastructure. Therefore, the growth of Mobile technology is affected as well. Mobile technology offers many ease and effectiveness use of time, since people can fully utilize the data capabilities of their mobile phones. One of the most popular technologies available for mobile phones is Mobile Banking.

Mobile banking (M-Banking) is one of the mobile financial services that are offered as a part of mobile commerce. Mobile Banking refers to provision and availment of banking and financial services with the help of mobile telecommunication devices. The scope of offered services may include facilities to conduct bank and stock market transactions, to administer accounts and to access customized information. In other words, Mobile Banking is a service to access bank accounts or other financial services, built for mobile devices.

Mobile Banking allows people to access their bank accounts in seconds just by a few presses on your mobile phones, but you have to be registered to the appropriate website first in order to use the service. For instance, in order to use BCA M-banking on your mobile phone, you have to register for your account and mobile phone number on www.klikbca.com. Once you’re done with the registration, the service will usually be activated within a day or so. Some of the services available are balance check, telegraphic transfer, electronic payment, and currency rate. It's simply a bank everywhere.

Several points that will be revealed later:
- Mobile banking as a mobile commerce breakthrough
- History of mobile banking
- How mobile banking works
- Opportunities in mobile banking
- Challenges in mobile banking

posted by Ray @ 10:31 AM 0 comments

Interaction Design – a New Perspective in Making a System

Interaction Design – a New Perspective in Making a System

How many interactive products are there in everyday use? Think for a minute about what you use in typical day : cell phone , computer , personal organizer, remote control, soft drink machine, coffee machine, ATM , ticket machine, library information system, the web , photocopier, watch, printer, stereo , calculator, video game … the list is endless [do not put dots]. Now think for a minute about how usable they are. How many are actually easy, effortless, and enjoyable to use? All of them, several, or just one or two? [these sentences are more spoken sentences] This list is probably considerably shorter. Why is this so? Because when making them, the maker didn’t concerned about the human factor and its interaction with the system. Therefore, interaction design developed. [these sentences are more spoken sentences]

What exactly the meaning of interaction design? [this sentence is more spoken sentences] In essence, interaction design is a designing interactive product to support people in their everyday and working lives. This entails creating user experiences that enhances and extend the way of people work, communicate, and interact. Now that it is widely accepted that Human Computer Interaction has moved beyond designing computer system for one user sitting in front of one machine to embrace new paradigms, likewise, covered a wider range of issues [this sentence is not complete]. These include ubiquitous computing and pervasive computing that make use of wireless of collaborative technologies.

Things will be explained in this paper is:

- Understanding and Conceptualizing interaction

- Understanding how interfaces affect users

- User-centered approaches to interaction design

- The process of interaction design

Please rewrite and continue.

How many interactive products are there in everyday use? Think for a minute about what you use in typical day : cell phone , computer , personal organizer, remote control, soft drink machine, coffee machine, ATM , ticket machine, library information system, the web , photocopier, watch, printer, stereo , calculator, video game … the list is endless. Now think for a minute about how usable they are. How many are actually easy, effortless, and enjoyable to use? All of them, several, or just one or two? This list is probably considerably shorter. Why is this so? Because when making them, the maker didn’t concerned about the human factor and its interaction with the system. Therefore, interaction design developed.

What exactly the meaning of interaction design? In essence, interaction design is a designing interactive product to support people in their everyday and working lives. This entails creating user experiences that enhances and extend the way of people work, communicate, and interact. Now that it is widely accepted that Human Computer Interaction has moved beyond designing computer system for one user sitting in front of one machine to embrace new paradigms, likewise, covered a wider range of issues. These include ubiquitous computing and pervasive computing that make use of wireless of collaborative technologies.

Things will be explained in this paper is:

- Understanding and Conceptualizing interaction

- Understanding how interfaces affect users

- User-centered approaches to interaction design

- The process of interaction design

13504021 Dian
13504031 Gahayu

posted by dian @ 7:11 AM 0 comments

Artificial Intelligence Robots: Let you explores the impossible and investigates the unimagined

posted by morenvino @ 6:26 PM 0 comments

Introduction (revised)

Note from Jati

Pseudo Random Number Generator

Chaos theory has been established since 1970s by many different research areas, such as physics, mathematics, biology and chemistry, etc. [ give an example here] The most well-known characteristics of chaos is pseudo-randomness generated by deterministic equations. Randomness is a very useful resource, and nowhere more than in cryptographic applications. Randomness is essential for secret keys, and inadequate source of randomness can compromise the strongest cryptographic protocol. [example of the application] However, the reality is that procedures for obtaining random bits (called pseudo-random generators) are often not designed as well as they could have been. This is unfortunate since a security flaw in this procedure translates into a security flaw in the whole system. Also, if this procedure does not have a rigorous security proof then there is no hope for such a proof for the whole system.

[A very good introduction; you have to give example of the use in real life]

Random numbers are heavily used in cryptography. Session keys, initialization vectors (IV), unique parameters in digital signature operations, are assumed to be random by cryptographer. What random means here is the numbers generated by system are hard to be predicted by an attacker. [example of the application] Unfortunately, in practice, it is very difficult to get pure random numbers. Many cryptographic applications don't have a reliable source of real random bits. So, a cryptographic mechanism called a Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) is used to generate these numbers. The numbers are said to be Pseudo-Random because they are produced by some mathematical formulas and so periodically repeat themselves. A well-defined Pseudo-Random Number Generator - used for cryptography application - is called Cryptographically Secure Pseudo-Random Number Generator. It should statistically has good characteristic and endure all serious attacks. [example of the application]

Things that will be explained in this paper :

• Requirement for PRNG

• Implementation of Old PRNG Algorithm

• Implementation of Modern PRNG Algorithm

• Cryptanalytic Attacks on Real-World PRNG

Author:

13504060 dani

13504080 stevens jethefer

General note;

You need to give examples for the explanation so that the reader get clearer picture.

Chaos theory has been established since 1970s by many different research areas, such as physics, mathematics, biology and chemistry, etc. The most well-known characteristics of chaos is pseudo-randomness generated by deterministic equations. Randomness is a very useful resource, and nowhere more than in cryptographic applications. Randomness is essential for secret keys, and inadequate source of randomness can compromise the strongest cryptographic protocol. However, the reality is that procedures for obtaining random bits (called pseudo-random generators) are often not designed as well as they could have been. This is unfortunate since a security flaw in this procedure translates into a security flaw in the whole system. Also, if this procedure does not have a rigorous security proof then there is no hope for such a proof for the whole system.

Random numbers are heavily used in cryptography. Session keys, initialization vectors (IV), unique parameters in digital signature operations, are assumed to be random by cryptographer. What random means here is the numbers generated by system are hard to be predicted by an attacker. Unfortunately, in practice, it is very difficult to get pure random numbers. Many cryptographic applications don't have a reliable source of real random bits. So, a cryptographic mechanism called a Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) is used to generate these numbers. The numbers are said to be Pseudo-Random because they are produced by some mathematical formulas and so periodically repeat themselves. A well-defined Pseudo-Random Number Generator - used for cryptography application - is called Cryptographically Secure Pseudo-Random Number Generator. It should statistically has good characteristic and endure all serious attacks.

Things that will be explained in this paper :

• Requirement for PRNG

• Implementation of Old PRNG Algorithm

• Implementation of Modern PRNG Algorithm

• Cryptanalytic Attacks on Real-World PRNG

Author:

13504060 dani

13504080 stevens jethefer

posted by stevens @ 12:32 PM 0 comments

Better Information Retrieval System

Note from Jati

Better Information Retrieval System

EXPLORE the problem -- not the topic

1. Who is your reader?

2. What is your purpose?

3. Who are you, the writer? (What image or persona do you want to project?)

Reader

• Does the author provide necessary background knowledge as a basis for the article?

• Is the problem/ topic clearly defined?

• Did the writer bring a new perspective to the topic?

• Did the article sustain the reader’s interest?

• What additional suggestions would you purpose?

Defining the audience

• Who are my readers?

• What do they already know and what do I need to tell them about the topic?

• Why would the reader want to read this article?

• How would the reader be able to use the article?

• What possible objections might cause the reader to dismiss my ideas?

Defining the author

• Why do I want to write this article?

• What special knowledge, experience, and perspectives do I bring to the topic?

• How does my article relate to other publications on the topic?

• Information Retrieval System implements string matching algorithm with term-document and query weighting concept
• To build a better Information Retrieval System, we also need to consider the human factor in typing query
• Natural Language Processing makes a better Information Retrieval System by detecting typos and remaking it to something meaningful

The growth of internet has led the researchers to build a system that can retrieve relevant information based on what user need. In this case, user gives query to the system. Then, the system uses it to retrieve the relevant documents and rank them based on a term-query weighting concept. This system is known as Information Retrieval System.

In the early days, the system just used string matching algorithms to retrieve documents from the given query. Lately, this concept is considered to be weak and unreliable. The documents retrieved were usually overloaded and most of them were not relevant. For example, if the user wanted to retrieve document related to George W. Bush with query “Bush”, the system would return all document that have string “Bush”, no matter whether the bush is George W. Bush or just bush in the garden.

Then, the researcher thought to insert a weighing concept to the system. After scanning every term in each candidate document, the system creates an inverted table of term and query. Each table contains the weight of every term. From these two tables, the system computes similarity of each document by multiplying the query weight and the document-term weight. The higher its similarity brings higher relevancy, or in this case, higher rank.

Generally, every information retrieval system implements two weighing concepts, term-document and query weighing concept. Both concepts use one of four term frequencies (tf) calculation: (raw, logarithmic, binary, and augmented), index document frequency (idf) and normalization. The result of this concept is an inverted index that is used in similarity calculation.

To build better information system, the system also needs to consider the case when user mistypes the query. In this case, Natural Language Processing is needed to remake the query to something meaningful. For example, when user types “a beter information retieval”, the system should recognize the typos and remake it to “a better information retrieval”. This concept has been implemented by the biggest search engine in the world nowadays, Google.

By :

Anton Rifco Susilo (13504046)

Chandra Gondowasito (13504100)

In this paper, we will describe the following points:

• Information Retrieval System implements string matching algorithm with term-document and query weighting concept
• To build a better Information Retrieval System, we also need to consider the human factor in typing query
• Natural Language Processing makes a better Information Retrieval System by detecting typos and remaking it to something meaningful
  

The growth of internet has led the researchers to build a system that can retrieve relevant information based on what user need. In this case, user gives query to the system. Then, the system uses it to retrieve the relevant documents and rank them based on a term-query weighting concept. This system is known as Information Retrieval System.

In the early days, the system just used string matching algorithms to retrieve documents from the given query. Lately, this concept is considered to be weak and unreliable. The documents retrieved were usually overloaded and most of them were not relevant. For example, if the user wanted to retrieve document related to George W. Bush with query “Bush”, the system would return all document that have string “Bush”, no matter whether the bush is George W. Bush or just bush in the garden.

Then, the researcher thought to insert a weighing concept to the system. After scanning every term in each candidate document, the system creates an inverted table of term and query. Each table contains the weight of every term. From these two tables, the system computes similarity of each document by multiplying the query weight and the document-term weight. The higher its similarity brings higher relevancy, or in this case, higher rank.

Generally, every information retrieval system implements two weighing concepts, term-document and query weighing concept. Both concepts use one of four term frequencies (tf) calculation: (raw, logarithmic, binary, and augmented), index document frequency (idf) and normalization. The result of this concept is an inverted index that is used in similarity calculation.

To build better information system, the system also needs to consider the case when user mistypes the query. In this case, Natural Language Processing is needed to remake the query to something meaningful. For example, when user types “a beter information retieval”, the system should recognize the typos and remake it to “a better information retrieval”. This concept has been implemented by the biggest search engine in the world nowadays, Google.

by :
Anton Rifco Susilo - 13504046
Chandra Gondowasito - 13504100

posted by Anton Rifco Susilo @ 11:12 AM 0 comments

Integrated Home Security System:Make Your Home As Secure As A Bank, Not A Jail

Your title is good.

Nowadays, by the advancement of architectural study, houses can be built in various design. However, the basic purpose of a house remains the same, it is to provide some shelter for its occupant. Along the ages, that need of protection has evolved into a more complex requirement of security.
People no longer care for protection from natural evidences such as rains, stroms, and wild animals only, but also demand some measure of protection of theft and other human-related incidents. Some people cover this need by hiring some guards to watch for their house. Despite its effectiveness, this kind of solution is basically inefficient. [ these sentences are not necessary, ' I know you know so what?'. It is better for you to write the latest trend of housing security demands in the modern world, big cities, etc, so that you can link the idea of modern and sophisticated system smoothly. Even you can predict what will be needed in a modern life etc. You need to write down 'what is or are the need(s) for home security']. To answer this need of efficient solution, a techonogical-based integrated home security system is therefore proposed.
Integrated home security system is a complex system that able to manage entire electricity system (lamps, airconditioner, gateway, generator, etc), monitor entire house without pursued by time and distance, and control all parts of the system manually and remotely from a long distance. Of course to build this complex system needs newest technologies that make communication between owner and system come true.

Some points that will be discused:
General functions of a house [no need, just in one or two sentences]
How secure does your home? [no need, just in one or two sentences]
Introductory to integrated home security system
Required equipments
Technology used by the system
Implementation cost estimation

posted by Wijoyo Batara Frans Simanjuntak @ 3:26 PM 0 comments

GENERAL NOTES AFTER THE 1st CLASS DISCUSSION

© TITLE

© Introduces the topic of discussion to the audience

© Generates reader interest in the argument

© Try to grab attention by

° offering a provocative image

° picking up on words or examples offered in the body or conclusion of the paper

° asking a question

© Avoid titles that are too general or lack character

EXPLORE the problem -- not the topic

1. Who is your reader?

2. What is your purpose?

Reader

• Does the author provide necessary background knowledge as a basis for the article?

• Is the problem/ topic clearly defined?

• Did the writer bring a new perspective to the topic?

• Did the article sustain the reader’s interest?

• What additional suggestions would you purpose?

Defining the audience

• Who are my readers?

• What do they already know and what do I need to tell them about the topic?

• Why would the reader want to read this article?

• How would the reader be able to use the article?

• What possible objections might cause the reader to dismiss my ideas?

Defining the author

• Why do I want to write this article?

• What special knowledge, experience, and perspectives do I bring to the topic?

• How does my article relate to other publications on the topic?

After you wrote your first draft

Evaluating the structure

• Does overall organization of the article reflect my goals?

• Have I stated the purpose clearly in the introduction?

• Does the body of the article fulfill the promises made in the introduction?

• Do important ideas receive more support than unimportant ones?

• How is the relationship between ideas signaled within paragraphs?

posted by Jati @ 1:15 PM 0 comments