My Makassar
Formerly Makassar known as UjungPandang, but since 2000 UjungPandang chenged become Makassar, where this name known and added in negarakertagama poems, prapanca's arrangement. Beside that formerly Makassar as a big trader centre and a big anchorage in east Indonesia, so is that why Makassar become the south celebes capitol that located front of makassar straits.
Makassar city is a cosmopolis city, because there are so many kinds of ethnic, bugis, button, batak, jawa, and almost tionghoa and etc. However the day life go on with peace and undrestanding to another, because they are become makassar peoples.
As a city that contiguous with makassar straits, Makassar have a lot of tourism place, like losari beach that located in west Makassar side, this beach is most beautiful place to enjoy the sunset in the evening, formerly losari beach added in record book or guinnes book's as longest seafood centre o
r longest dinning table in the world. Beside losari beach Fort Rotterdam is also the most tourism place where we can find so many foreign tourist and local tourist, on this place there are a museum where we can find very much relic from the ancient time, and then on the top this fortres we can enjoy the beautiful view of losari beach.
Good.
destruction of world’s forests amounts to death of the world
Forest is home for thousands of species. It provides habitat, protection, and food for many plants and animals. It gives water and minerals for plants and animals’ daily needs. In extreme climates, trees in forest serve as windbreaks or as shade against the sun, thus, protecting small plants and animals. Through the process of photosynthesis, trees and green plants in forest release life-giving oxygen as a byproduct and consume huge amounts of carbon dioxide. This makes forests play an important role in the world’s air regulation.
Destruction of forests rises dramatically every year as the human population increases and standards of living rise. People cleared many areas of world forests for lumber, minerals, and agriculture. Millions of trees are cut down every year, while oxygen in this world is mainly produced by trees in forests. Air pollution increases greatly as the usage of pollutant chemicals increases.
Deforestation makes forests no longer provide enough fresh air for world population. Therefore, I strongly agree that destruction of world’s forests amounts to death of the world.
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task 1- Forest, lungs of the earth
I agree with about this topic about how important the forest is?,i think forest is very important to human being ,there are many advantages of forest to our life,for example,the forest provides shelter for wildlife, recreation and aesthetic renewal for people, and irreplaceable supplies of oxygen and soil nutrients.Slowly but sure,deforestation will causes some disaster for human itself such as destabilization of earth's climate and temperature,flood at rainy season,dryness,animal which it lives in forest will lost they habitat,loose soil and many more.
As far as i know,we are human being as the most perfect creatures of God,we should be think of benefit of forest and we should to start to save our forest for the next generation,we have to stop any form of forest destruction and illegal logging which it still happen in our country.Save the forest means we save ourself,I think it will not too hard to do if we are do it together.
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Task 1 - Forest are the lungs of the earth
Forest are the lungs of the earth. We can't disagree with the statement. They generates oxygen for all element in life cycle. Human, animals, and plants need oxygen for energy. Human lungs have function to process oxygen in air which we breath in and generates energy. So do the animals. And plants need oxygen to stabilize it's fotosynthesis process for it's life too. All of us need oxygen, and the only thing that can produce oxygen in massive amount and continually is forest.
Lungs are one of the most vital organ in our body. Without lungs we won't live like now. So do the earth. Without forest, earth won't live like today. Vast forest is very essential to earth's life itself. Beside producing oxygen, they absorb carbondioxyde that can be hazardous for our life in over amount. They anchors soil and prevent erosion, regulate waterflow and protect watersheds, modify the climate and cool the air, and provide a habitats for million of species of animals and plants. By providing water cycle regulation, soil conservation and biodiversity, forests are very vital to maintaining healthy ecosystems - on which humanity depend.
Forests are very vital for water and soil. They are important agents of evapotranspiration, the exchange of water vapour among trees, soils and atmosphere. The world's rainforests themselves help to produce anywhere from 50 to 95 per cent of the moisture they need to maintain ecosystem functions. Forest root systems hold soils in place, preventing erosion. And forest litter from leaves, twigs and bark, decays into rich humus that nourishes plants and sub-soil life, binds soil particles, and acts as a natural sponge to store water.
Saving tropical forests from destruction is vital to preserving biodiversity. Tropical forests, both wet and dry, cover only 7 per cent of the earth's land surface but contain over half of all known species of plants and land animals in the world. As instance, Costa Rica, with just 52,000 square kilometers of land, contains 8,000 species of plants, while Britain, with nearly five times the land area, has fewer than 1,500 species. It's more amazing in Indonesia. In Borneo (Kalimantan), there are about 15,000 species of flowering plants with 3,000 species of trees, 221 species of terrestrial mammals and 420 species of resident birds in Borneo.
Forests also provide more direct benefits to the world's economies, including wood-based commodities such as timber, fuelwood, and pulp for paper and packaging. They provide foods, medicines, spices, gums, resins, and oils. Forest products are used for everything from lumber for housing and furniture to books and myriad other paper products.
With all of those explanation, we can conclude that forest are very important to the earth, to the humanity. And of course, destruction of the world’s forests amounts to death of the world we currently know.
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Task 1
I agree that destruction of the world's forests amounts to death of the world, why i said that because i think forest is one of natural source that can provide the public primary materials like foods, shelters, medicines and etc. Beside that the world's forests can produce the mineral water or fresh water and oxygen as an important component that human being very need. We can imagine, how can the world is going on without mineral water and oxygen,. and than without it the human life's will be in danger. So the world's forests cannot be destructed and cannot be separated from human life's, because forest give us a better life.
We can take the profitables thing from forest but not for the exploitation act, but for saving forest life's and balance
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Forests—the Earth's Lungs
Forests have many functions of value both to humanity and to nature itself. Take away the trees, and the intricately linked ecosystem unravels. Forests absorb carbon dioxide and produce oxygen, anchor soils, regulate the water cycle, protect against erosion, and provide a habitat for millions of species.
Destruction of the world's forest has impacts to the globe. The vast areas of trees have been called the "lungs of the earth". The forests "breathe" by removing large amounts of carbon dioxide from the air and giving off oxygen. The loss of green forests will increase CO2 levels in the atmosphere and result in global warming. On a more local level, the clearing of forest land diminishes the amount of evaporation. As a result, the rainfall decreases and the ground dries out, reducing its ability to support vegetation.Loss of forests also reduces the absorption of solar energy. Sunlight reflects off the barren ground instead of being absorbed by trees. This would tend to cause earth cooling, an opposite result from the carbon dioxide increase. If the cooling effect dominates, rainfall and air circulation might decrease worldwide.
Forest destruction, particularly in tropical forests, has increased rapidly in recent decades. Causes and dynamics differ in different regions. In the Amazon, cutting and burning forest for large-scale cattle ranching is the leading cause of deforestation. In Indonesia,and many other developing countries, logging is an important source of revenue. Colonization programs that bring poor and landless farmers from other areas also have an impact. But extraction of high-value tropical hardwoods such as mahogany often creates the first access to isolated areas.
It is often assumed that increasing population forces the poor to clear forest in order to make a living. This is undoubtedly so in some areas, but much destruction is driven by uncontrolled resource pillage by powerful, often corrupt, elites, with little social benefit, and often with support from international financial institutions. (The Suharto government's distribution of logging concessions to family members and cronies is an example.) No accurate means exist to quantify the contributions of different activities to deforestation in most regions.
As population grows and per capita consumption of forest products increases, countries must do more to manage forest resources on a sustainable basis. Technological improvements, including use of recycled paper and paperboard, have substantially reduced the amount of pulp needed to produce paper. In 1970 paper and paperboard consisted of 80% wood pulp. By 1997 more efficient production processes had reduced that figure to 56%. As a direct result, the production of pulp for paper is expected to grow by just over 1% a year over the next decade, about half the growth rate in the 1980s. Another attempt is forest products certification. Adopting a system that identifies forest products that come from sustainably managed forests could support efforts toward sustainability. As of 1998, about 10 million hectares of forest lands have been certified. Over 90% of the certified area is in northern, temperate forests, mostly in Europe and North America. Close to 60% of the entire certified area is in just two countries--Sweden and Poland--reflecting education and awareness campaigns in those countries.
While such initiatives are promising, they cannot be expected to halt forest destruction completely. Millions of people rely on forest products for their livelihoods. Sustainable forest management will require not just enforcement of laws that protect forests but also alternative sources of livelihood for many rural people.
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Task I : Forest is the lungs of the earth
I agree with the statement that says, “
Forest is the lungs of the earth. Destruction of the world’s forests amounts to death of the world we currently know”. There are two reasons why I agree with this statement. First is forest has many trees that produce oxygen for us. The oxygen that is produced by forest’s trees is from photosynthesis process. So if we destroy forest’s trees, it will be same as we destroy “oxygen fabric”. The second reason is forest’s trees absorb carbon dioxide for process photosynthesis. So it seems like human lungs, if we destroy forest, we will die as same as if we have no lungs.
Actually, forest definition is an area with high density of trees. This area covers large areas of earth and functions such as animal habitat, hydrologic flow modulators, and soil conserver. These functions are the most important aspect of earth biosphere. So if we don’t stop world’s forest destruction, we will disturb earth biosphere that can affect to human life even animals.
Forest also plays an important role in global carbon cycle to stabilize carbon pools. If we continue to destroy forest, it will be leads to an increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. Naturally, enormous amount of carbon are stored in the forest by trees and other plants, as well as in the forest soil. As part of photosynthesis, plants absorb carbon dioxyde from the atmosphere, store the carbon as carbohydrate, starch and cellulose, while oxygen is released back into the atmosphere. This process is similar with the respiration process in our lungs, so we can say forest is the lungs of the earth.
As far as we know, for decades humans only take benefits from forest. But they don’t care about forest condition after they take benefit from it. So we can see there are many natural disaster that happen because human didn’t care about forest and didn’t realize how to manage forest. For example forest burned that happened in Indonesia several years ago. The smoke is fly into our neighbour country such as Malaysia and Singapore and makes air polution. There are many causes why forest can be burned. One of these causes is people burn the forest. They burned forest to make farmland. They did this because they didn’t realize what they have already done is very dangerous for human life. Therefore we must protect our forest from the destruction. We better do a prevention action rather than do a rehabilitation action.
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PENGUMUMAN
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Task 2
Please read carefully the input from me about paragraph,
click here.Write a paragraph, two or three paragraphs about your home town,
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Jati